Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Archives > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 9, (...) > Un Grand journal d’opinion malgache : Ny Fandrosoam-Baovao (1931-1959). (...)
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Un Grand journal d’opinion malgache : Ny Fandrosoam-Baovao (1931-1959). Première partie
Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 9, janvier - juin 1979, pp. 7-40Auteur : Rabearimanana L.
Mots clés : NATIONALISME/PRESSE POLITIQUE/NY FANDROSOAM-BAOVAO/HISTOIRE/1931-1959/MADAGASCAR/ANTANANARIVO
[ EN ] The nationalist opinion newspapers that were published in Madagascar shared many common features, and some difficulties befell them but were unknown to other categories of newspaper. However, Ny Fandrosoam-Baovao, which appeared from 1931 to 1959 and was managed by Gabriel Razafintsalama, was different from its fellow-newspapers in many respects.
Before 1960, the longest any opinion newspaper was continuously published was 10 years. But Ny Fandrosoam-Baovao continued until its owner’s death in 1959 that is during a period of 28 years. The first reason for such a long life was its attitude towards rhe colonial power : it did not often express opinions contrary to those of the authorities and, in fact, it sometimes flattered them. Secondly, unlike other opinion newspapers, it did not experience too many material or financial hardships because it obtained receipts from advertisements and frequent subsidies from its owner. Since the newspaper was not persecuted by the authorities, the distributors had no problem in selling it. Thirdly, Ny Fandrosoam-Baovao also stood out by the depth of its articles. Its staff consisted, not of specialists trained in journalism, but of relatively well-educated persons with an investigative mind. Most of the writers received their training in protestant schools and were active members of the malagasy protestant church. Some of them also engaged in commerce and were therefore among the relatively wealthy. Another reason for the depth of this newspaper’s articles resided in the quantity and speed of its access to news items, especially from abroad.
Ny Fandrosoam-Baovao was not a violent newspaper ; it contained many varied articles, on politics, on the economy, on social affairs, on literature, etc… Its opinions and ideas determined and limited its readership : the well-educated, the civil servants, the traders – i.e. the well-to-do in general, especially in the central part of the country (although it also had a wide circulation in the coastal areas).[ MLA ] Ny gazetin-kevitra tia tanindrazana niseho teto Madagasikara dia mitovy toetoetra avokoa ary nis fasahiranana izay mazàna nianjady taminy kanefa tsy dia hita loatra tamin’ny karazan-gazety hafa. Ny Fandrosoam-Baovao, izay niseho nanomboka tamin’ny taona 1931 ka hatramin’ny taona 1959 ary nokarakarain’i Gabriel Razafintsalama kanefa dia niavaka tamin’ny namany tamin’ny lafiny maro.
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Raha naharitra dia naharitra ny gazetin-kevitra, talohan’ny 1960, dia folo taona raha ela indrindra. Nefa izy dia tsy nitsaha-nivoaka raha tsy nodimandry ny tompony tamin’ny 1959, izany hoe naharitra 28 taona no nisehoany. Ny azo anazavana izany fahalavan’ny andro-piainan’ity gazety ity izany dia voalohany indrindra ny fihetsiny teo anoloan’ny fitondram-panjakan’ny Mpanjanatany : tsy dia mba nampiseho hevitra nifanipaka tamin’ny hevitry ny Mpitondra izy, ary nanasohaso azy ireo mihitsy aza indraindray. Manaraka izany tsy sahirana loatra ara-pitaovana sy ara-bola toa ireo gazetin-kevitra hafa ny Fandrosoam-Baovao satria nahazo vola tamin’ny dokam-barotra sy nampian’ny tompony ara-bola matetika. Io gazety io moa dia tsy voaenjiky ny fanjakana rahateo, ka mora ny famarotan’ny mpivaro-gazety azy. Ny nampiavaka koa ny Fandrosoam-Baovao dia ny halalin’ny lahatsoratra hita tao aminy. Tsy mpanoratra voaofana manokana tamin’ny fanaovan-gazety akory no tao aminy nefa olona nahita fianarana ambonimbony sy nanan-tsaina tia karokaroka. Ny ankabeazan’ireo mpanoratra ireo dia nandranto fianarana tamin’ny sekoly protestanta ary nanana andraikitra tao amin’ny fiangonana protestanta malagasy. Ny sasany koa dia nisahana raharaham-barotra ka azo lazaina ho an’isan’ny mpanana. Antony hafa koa nahatonga ny lanjan’ny lahatsoratra hita tao amin’ity gazety ity dia ny fahazoany vaovao maro ary tamin’ny fomba haingana, indrindra ny avy any am-pita.
Gazety tsy nivatravatra teo amin’ny filazan-kevitra ny Fandrosoam-Baovao, nahitana karazan-dahatsoratra maro, na nikasika ny politika, na ny toe-karena, na ny sosialy, na ny haisoratra, ets… Ny fotokevitra nijoroany sy ny firehany dia nahatonga azy ho gazety vakin’ny sarangan’olona sasantsasany ihany : ny sarangan’ny olona nahita fianarana ambony, ny mpiasam-panjakana, ny mpanao raharaham-barotra, izany hoe ny sarangan’ny mpanana tamin’ny ankapobeny, indrindra ireo izay avy tao afovoan-tany (na dia niely patrana tany anindrana aza izy ireny).