Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Archives > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 9, (...) > Possibilité de colonies indonésiennes en Afrique, avec référence spéciale à (...)


  • Possibilité de colonies indonésiennes en Afrique, avec référence spéciale à Madagascar
    Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 9, janvier - juin 1979, pp. 129-150

    Auteur : Kent R.K.

    Mots clés : MALGACHES/POPULATION/HISTOIRE/INDONESIENS/BANTOUS/EMIGRATION ET IMMIGRATION/5E SIECLE AV. J.-C./11E SIECLE/AFRIQUE ORIENTALE/MADAGASCAR

    [ EN ] While recapitulating the recent serological studies about the incidence of the cell phenomenon in Madagascar and about hemoglobin, then drawing from the literature of medicine and ethnography, Professor Kent sets the problem of connexion between African or Indonesian people and Malagasy ones by putting it again in the larger frame of Africa and the Indian Ocean. The thesises which deny Africa a preponderant part in the peopling of Madagascar are not based upon any social data, either statistical or anthropological or historical. The author applies himself to bringing out and contradicting the arguments on which they are founded. The serological studies speak for themselves on the statistical level but the main points of Professor Kent’s argumentation especially deals with the historical level. In his opinion, no filiation can be established between the Zabaj assimilated to Indonesians raids that the Arabs described and the raids of the Sakalava providing themselves with slaves on the African coast because there are 850 years between them. In the same way, the relatively recent introduction of “Makoa” slaves who are natives of cannot explain by itself the presence of dominant african elements since there is no proof that importation has taken place on end for six centuries but it would rather be the opposite, and that the african element in the island seems too important to be explained in terms of slave importation. The argument of a kushite or Bantu african subtratum before the arrival of proto-malagasy people is not valid either in the face of historical criticism, primarily for chronological reasons. It cannot be pushed aside though, because of the identity of technique and serological characteristics on both sides of the Mozambique Channel unless having recourse to another hypothesis, the Linton-Deschamps’one. The stay of Indonesian people in Africa before their implantation in Madagascar accounts for African features in Madagascar.

    [ MLA ] Fandinihina ny fifandraisan’ny razamben’ny Malagasy amin’ny Indoneziana n any Afrikana no hadihadin’ny Profesora Kent amin’ity lahatsoratra ity, ary afantony indrindra amin’ny tantaran’i Afrika sy ny Oseana Indiana amin’ny ankapobeny izany. Ny vokatr’ireo fikarohana farany momba ny toetry ny ran’ny Malagasy (etudes sérologiques) ka anisan’izany ny fisian’ny zavatra tsy fahita matetika toy ny Hemoglobine S sy ny sela falsiforma (cellule falciforme) no entin’ny mpanoratra anamarinany ny heviny. Ary anatevenana izany ireo lahatsoratra medikaly isan-karazany sy ny famakafakana ny fiaim-piainan’ny olona. Tsy misy porofo mazava notsoahina na avy tamin’ny statistika izany, na avy amin’ny famakafakana antropolojika, na avy amin’ny tantara ahazoana manamarina fa tsy mavesa-danja eo amin’ny fiavian’ny mponina eto Madagasikara i Afrika. Tsy misy izay tsy kianin’ny mpanoratra eto ireo porofo ampiasain’ny mpiaro io hevitra io. Mazava ho azy eo amin’ny lafiny statistika na vokatry ny fikarohana mikasika ny rà, fa ny lafiny mikasika ny tantara kosa no tena ifantohan’ny Profesora Kent amin’ity lahatsoratra ity.
    Tsy tokony hampifandraisana, araka ny heviny, ny jirika fanaon’ny Zabaj (izay heverina fa Indoneziana ihany) voatantaran’ny Arabo sy ny jirika fanaon’ny Sakalava amin’ny sisin-tanin’i Afrika mba hahazoana andevo. 850 taona no elanelam-potoana mampisaraka ireo. Toy izany koa, tsy ampy hanazavana ny fisian’ny mpiavy maro avy any Afrika ny fampidirana ny Makoa teto Madagasikara vao tsy ela loatra akory izay, satria tsy voaporofo mihitsy fa nitohy tsy tapaka nandritry ny 600 taona izany toe-javatra izany. Nisy fiatoatoana tokoa mantsy io fampidirana Makoa io. Manana anjara toerana lehibe i Afrika eo amin’ny fiavian’ny Malagasy ka tsy azo heverina ho vokatry ny fampidirana andevo fotsiny izany. Raha jerena ny tantara indrindra eo amin’ny lafiny kronolojika sy teknolojika, tsapa fa tsy mari-pototra koa ny filazana fa nisy Afrikana - na “Koushite” izany na “Bantou” – niori-ponenana teto talohan’ny nahatongavan’ireo antsoina hoe “Proto-malgaches”. Tsy azo lavina be fahatany anefa io hevitra io satria mitovy tokoa ny toetoetran’ny ran-ireo olona monina amin’ny sisin-tany atsinanan’i Afrika sy ny Malagasy ary mitovy koa ny teknika ampiasainy. Koa tsy maintsy ekena ny hevitr’i Deschamps sy Linton milaza fa nonina tatsy Afrika ny Indoneziana talohan’ny nifindrany teto Madagasikara, ary nandritra ny nipetrahany tao no nandraisany ny toetoetra afrikana. Misy anefa ny nampiavaka io fomba fijery io amin’ny an’i Profesora Kent. Raha nampiasa indrindra porofo ara-teknika i Deschamps sy Linton, i Kent kosa nandray porofo ara-pitenenana sy ara-tantara mikasika ny fiparitahan’ny Bantou sy ny fifampikasohan’izy ireo tamin’ny Indoneziana tao amin’ny sisin-tanin’i Afrika tao.
    Tao aorian’ny nahazatra azy tamin’ny sakafo sy ny fomba fisakafoana maleziana vao lasa Bantous ireo Proto-bantous nieli-patrana, raha ny Périple de la Mer Erytrée sy ny lahatsoratra arabo sasantsasany no fakafakaina ka dinihina koa ny arkeolojia sy ny tantaran’ny teknika. Tsy afa-nanorim-ponenana naharitra anefa ireo Indoneziana satria nieli-patrana tokoa ireo Bantous ka voatery namangy an’i Comores sy Madagasikara izy ireo teo anelanelan’ny taon-jato fahadimy talohan’ny nahateran’i Kristy sy ny taon-jato faha iraika ambin’ny folo tao aorianany.
    Eo am-pamaranana, manainga ireo mpikaroka ny Profesora Kent mba hiala amin’ireo hevitra diso latsa-paka mikasika ny fomba fitenenana fa hanadihady kosa ny endrika rehetra maha-“Bantou” sy Indoneziana na ny eto Madagasikara izany, na ny atsy Afrika, na ny any Indonezia. Izay no fomba mety hahitana ireo porofo hoentina manantitra na mitsipaka ity hevi-baovao atolony ity ; izay koa no anisan’ny fomba hahafantarana kokoa ny toetra mampiavaka an’i Madagasikara amin’i Afrika sy Indonezia.

    The author would like to make some shades of meaning to that hypothesis which is essentially based on material signs with arguments regarding linguistics and history and relative to the bantu expansion and its encounter with Indonesian people on the coast. While analyzing “The Periple of the Erytrean Sea”, and some significant arab features and referring to archeology and the history of techniques, Professor Kent considers that migratory Proto-Bantu became “Bantu” after they had assimilated the Malaysian alimentary complex. What hindered a permanent settlement of Indonesians was the power of the bantu expansion which consequently led to the departure of “pure” and uncultured Indonesians for the Comorus islands and Madagascar between 500 A.D. and 1100 d.B.
    Professor Kent invites researchers to get rid of the linguistic hypothesis and to analyse every aspect of the bantu and Indonesian culture in Madagascar in order to find out some proofs or counter proofs on a hypothesis which would allow to understand the specificity of Madagascar.

    Télécharger

© MESupReS 2009 - 2024. Mentions légales
(p) Secrétariat Général | Direction des Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication (DTIC)
Contact: dtic@mesupres.gov.mg - Tous droits réservés