Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Archives > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 1-2, (...) > Mise en valeur coloniale et travail forcé : la construction du chemin de fer (...)

• 
  Mise en valeur coloniale et travail forcé : la construction du chemin de fer Tananarive-Antsirabe (1911-1923)
  Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 1-2, janvier - décembre 1975, pp. 75-137

  Auteur : Fremigacci J.

  Mots clés : COLONISATION FRANCAISE/INFRASTRUCTURES FERROVIAIRES/CHEMINS DE FER/VOIES FERREES/CONCEPTION ET CONSTRUCTION/REQUISITIONS CIVILES/TRAVAIL FORCE/HISTOIRE/1911-1923/MADAGASCAR/ANTANANARIVO/ANTSIRABE
  
  

  [ MLA ] Ny fanamboarana ny lalam-by mampitohy an’Antananarivo sy Antsirabe, izay notapahin’ny Governora Jeneraly Picquié tamin’ny 1911, noho ny tarigetra ara-toekarena narahin’ny mpanjana-tany fa tsy noho ny fanatontosana hevitra efa nomasahana eo amin’ny mety ho tombon-tsoa azo amin’io lalam-by io, dia nampibaribary ireo lafin-javatra tsy dia tomombana nisy teo amina-rafipahefana sy rafi-pitondrana tsy misy fanaparitahana ary voatery anefa nisahana asam-pivoarana lehibe. Ireo toe-javatra tsy mety ireo dia : voalohany, ny hamaroan’ny ambaratonga sy haben’ny antsipiriany eo amin’ny fomba hahazoana ny vola hoenti-manana ny asa ; faharoa, ny fisian’ny sampan’ny Asa Vaventy, sampana lehibe nefa sady tsy mahasahana ny andraikiny no diso idiran’ny politika loatra ; fahatelo, ny tsy fahalalana fa misy fetrany ny fahazoana mandray olona amin’ny fokonolona mba hiasa.
  Ny ady lehibe sy ny taona vitsivitsy tao aorian’ny ady dia vao mainka manamafy ireo ary niteraka olana be tao amin’ny fizotran’ny asa. Noho ny fihatraikan’ny « inflation » (fibosesehan’ny vola tsy mifanentana intsony amin’ny fiharin-karena) avy any ivelany ary tafiditra teto an-toerana dia nihena ny vola sy fitaovana nenti-manana ny raharaha, hany ka nihamafy ny fanerena ny mponina hiasa. Teo amin’ny taona 1919-1920 dia sady tamin-kery setra sy tamin’ny fomba tsy azo toherina mihitsy ny nanerena ny olona hiasa ; taty aoriana kosa tamin’ny andron’i Garbit (1920-1923) dia an-kolaka no fisehoan’ny fanerena, nefa vao niha-zava-doza ho an’ny Fokonolona. Noho izany fomba an-kolaka izany dia mety ho betsaka ny tombon-tsoa azo tsoahina ary dia azo noheverina fa tena mitondra « sivilizasiona sy fandrosoana » ny lalam-by. Nefa tsy tokony hohadinoina fa ireo fomba nenti-manana azy ireo dia nitarika fihatoana eo amin’ny làlana ho amin’ny fivoarana.

  [ EN ] The building of the Tananarive-Antsirabe railway, decided in 1911 by Governor Picquié for reasons of colonial economical doctrine rather than for more rentability, pointed out the shortcomings of a highly centralized political and administrative organization in front of a problem of development such as it was conceived at that time : long and intricate financial dealings ; the Public works, a department unequal to the task and much influenced by politics ; an ignorance of the difficulties to raise the proper labour from the village communities.
  The first world war, and the after-war period increased these weaknesses and completely endangered the balance of the scheme. Parallely to an increasing shortage of financial and technical means, mainly due to an imported inflation, the colonial background of the time brought about the introduction of compulsive work among the population. At first a brutal and imperative coercion in 1919 and 1920, it became less open, but all the more dangerous for the Fokonolona (village community) under Governor Garbit (1920-1923). Although the subsequent economies were important, and the railway appeared as a promising “work of civilization and progress”, the methods used to achieve both aims laid the foundations for an eventual stop in the development.

  Télécharger