Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume (...) > Les Zavaga ou Zabaga indonésiens (= Vazaha), artisans et trafiquants du fer, (...)


  • Les Zavaga ou Zabaga indonésiens (= Vazaha), artisans et trafiquants du fer, commerçants ou pirates (?) à Madagascar et aux Comores, aux XIIè-XIIIè siècles
    Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 37-40, 1993-1994, pp. 13-62

    Auteur : Hébert J.C.

    Mots clés : INDONESIENS/JAVANAIS/FER/COMMERCE/12E-13E SIECLES/COMORES/MADAGASCAR

    [ EN ] The examination of ancient maps reveals the existence of 3 Harangazavaka placenames on the East coast. These correspond to ancient silted-up harbours, and can be translated as “Zavag harbours (harana)”, from the names of the Indonesian navigators who, according to Al-Idrisi, traded iron between Sofala and India in the 11th century. One of these harbours was known to Flacourt as having been the landing place of Raminia’s son Racoube and is mentioned in the Sorabe. In the 19th century a fourth harbor (Vohémar) was named Harangbzaha, although it had never been used by Europeans as a port-of-call. As the equivalence Vazaha = Zavaka is traceable in the word Zafimbazaha, designating ironsmiths reputed in Imerina, the evidence of 11th century Javanian arrivals in Madagascar should be considered. This use of Madagascar harbours by Javanians could go back to the 9th century, since cargo-boats, such as those represented on the Borodubur Temple, were supposed to be only ones capable of transporting African iron.

    [ MLA ] Ny fandinihana ny sarintany tranainy dia ahatsapana ny fisian’ny anaran-tany telo atao hoe Harangazavaka ao amin’ny morontsiraka atsinanana. Izy ireo dia seranana tranainy fefiky ny fasika, ao anaty helodrano efa tsentsina ankehitriny. Ireo anaran-tany ireo dia azo adika hoe “seranan-tsambo (harana) ny Zavag” avy amin’ny anaran’ireo mpiantsambo indoneziana izay nisahana ny varotra vy teo anelanelan’I Sofala sy India tamin’ny taonjato faha-11, araka ny filazan’i Al-Idrisi. Ny iray tamin’ireo seranana ireo dia fantatr’i Flacourt ho toeram-piantsonan’i Rakobe, zanak’i Raminia, ary misoratra ao anaty Sorabe io anaran-tany io. Nisy koa anefa seranana faha-efatra (Vohémar) izay nantsoina hoe Harambazaha, na dia tsy nataon’ny Eoropeana tobim-barotra akory aza. Avy amin’ny sahalan-teny Zavaka = Vazaha anefa no nahatonga ny anaran’ny Zafimbazaha izay malaza ho mpanefy vy teto Imerina. Voamarina amin’izany ny fahatongavan’ny Javaney teto Madagasikara nanomboka tamin’ny taonjato faha-11. Ny fifaneraserany tamin’ireo toerana ireo dia afaka miakatra hatrany amin’ny taonjato faha-9, satria tsy nisy afa-tsy ireo sambo mpitondra entana mavesatra ihany no afaka nitatitra ny vy afrikana.

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