Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Archives > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume (...) > Le Sorcier maléfique (mpamosavy) et l’épreuve du tangena (ordalie) en pays (...)

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  Le Sorcier maléfique (mpamosavy) et l’épreuve du tangena (ordalie) en pays betsimisaraka
  Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 21-22, 1985, pp. 133-148

  Auteur : Fanony F.

  Mots clés : MALGACHES/BETSIMISARAKA/ETHNOLOGIE/MŒURS ET COUTUMES/SORCELLERIE/PROCES/ORDALIE/MADAGASCAR/TOAMASINA
  
  

  [ EN ] Fear of the mpamosavy is very common in the Betsimisaraka villages. It entails conflicts within the villages or within families. Contrary to the ordinary man who is a mixture of good and evil, the mpamosavy is entirely evil and death. Anyone can be or become one, but women suspected of using love potions are more prone to becoming one.
  A myth tells how Zanahary (god) keeps up the demographic balance in society through the mpamosavy who kill and through the tangena, the ordeal which reveals sorcerers and is the only brake to their actions. A suspected person must undergo – willingly or not – the tangena ordeal. The ceremonial, officially forbidden since the colonial days, takes place at light. It is directed by the mpanangena (master of the tangena) who says the ritual words necessary to chase away bad spirits and to ask for help from both the higher and lower Zanahary and from the ancestors. Then, the mpanangena, through a kind of “chamanic” journey sends spirits in search of Bimitiny, himself spirit of the tangena, whose presence is necessary. Having looked for him in the four directions the spirits find him in the west, but on their way back, as they are carrying him in a filanzana, they inadvertedly let him fall in the mud. Eventually he decides not to come and hands over his own powers to the mpanangena. At last, this one gets the drug ready : he grates a tangena nut, places the shavings into ravinala leaves and has them eaten by the accused. If this latter one vomits, he is regarded as innocent, if not, he is guilty. In the old days, he was put to death. Today, he is cast out of the village.

  Mazàna any amin’ny tanàna amin’ny faritra betsimisaraka no miteraka olana eo amin’ny mpiara-belona sy eo amin’ny mpianakavy ny tahotra ny mpamosavy. Hafa lavitra noho ny olon-tsotra izao izay manana lafiny tsara sy lafiny ratsy mantsy ny mpamosavy. Iandronan’ny ratsy sy ny fahafatesana izy ary na iza na iza dia mety ho lasa mpamosavy, indrindra moa fa ireo vehivavy ahiahina ho mampiasa ody fitia. Araky ny tantara iray dia mikatsaka hatrany ny hampirindra ny isan’ny mponina eto an-tany i Zanahary koa izany no isian’ny mpamosavy izay mahatonga ny fahafatesana sy ny fampinomana, hany fomba ahafantarana ireo mpamosavy sy ahafahana mametra ny asa ratsiny. Raha be loatra ny ahiahy mikasika olona iray dia terena hinon-tangena izy, na koa manolo-tena ho amin’izany. Ary satria moa efa voarara nanomboka tamin’ny andron’ny fanjanahantany ny fampinomana dia an-tsokosoko no anaovana azy. Mpanangena no mitari-draharaha. Eo am-piandohana dia manonona ireo teny tokony hotononina izy ho fandroahana ny fanahy ratsy sy ho fangatahana ny fanampian’ireo Zanahary any ambony sy ireo any ambany ary ny razana. Ao aorian’izay dia maniraka fanahy ny mpanangena hikaroka an’I Bimitiny, fanahin’ny tangena, satria tsy mety ny fampinomana raha tsy manatrika eo izy. Tany andrefana no hita i Bimitiny, rehefa avy nokarohina ela dia ela tamin’ny vazan-tany efatra. Dia nentina am-pilanjana ary i Bimitiny, kinanjo nianjera tao anaty fotaka noho ny fahavotsan’ireo fanahy, hany ka naleon’i Bimitiny tsy nanatrika ny fampinomana ary natolony ny mpanangena ny fahefany. Raha mamboatra ny fanafody ary ny mpanangena dia kikisany ny voan-tangena, ataony ao anaty ravin-dravinala ny potipotiny ary asainy sotroin’ilay voampanga. Raha mandoa ilay voampanga dia afaka madiodio, raha tsy izany kosa dia heverina ho diso. Fahiny dia novonoina ny meloka, ankehitriny kosa dia roahina tsy honina an-tanàna.

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