Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Archives > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 1-2, (...) > Le Mythe d’Andriba
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Le Mythe d’Andriba
Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 1-2, janvier - décembre 1975, pp. 43-73Auteur : Esoavelomandroso M.
Mots clés : COLONISATION FRANCAISE/GUERRE FRANCO-MALGACHE/21 AOUT-22 AOUT 1895/HISTOIRE/RECIT DE GUERRE/MYTHOLOGIE/MADAGASCAR/MAHAJANGA/BETSIBOKA/MAEVATANANA/ANDRIBA
[ MLA ] Ny fiteny hoe « Tsy mafy noho ny tany Andriba » dia toa mitory fa mafy ny ady nifanaovan’ny Frantsay sy ny Merina tao amin’io toerana io tamin’ny taona 1895. Inona no tena marina ?
Ny boky nosoratan’ny Frantsay sy ny taratasy nifanakalozan-dRainilaiarivony Premier Ministre sy ireo manamboninahitra mpitari-tafika dia samy mampiseho fa tamin’ny « ady » tao Andriba dia nifandanja ny herin’ny roa tonta. Ireo miaramilan-dRanavalona aza dia toa nanana tombony satria maro an’isa ry zareo.
Feno ahiahy ny miaramila notarihin’i Duchesne raha nandeha hananika an’Andriba, Andriba izay toerana efa nofidin’ny Merina mialoha ka nanamboarany toby betsaka sy nananganany manda mihoatra ny folo. Ny tolakandro tokony ho tamin’ny roa no nanomboka ny fifamelezana an-tafondro ary tsy nitsahatra izany raha tsy tamin’ny dimy sy sasany teo ho eo. Nangina ny alin’iny na dia nisy aza fifampitifirana am-basy mitsitapitapy nifanaovan’ny loha tafika anankiroa sy ny doro-tanàna vitsivitsy nataon’ny Merina. Ny ampitso maraina (22 août 1895) no nanohy ny fandrosoany ny Frantsay, ka akory ny hagagany raha nahita fa nilaozan’ny miaramilan-dRanavalona tamin’ny alina lasa teo ny tobiny sy ny mandany rehetra.
Toy izany raha fintinina amin’ny teny fohy ny “ady” tao Andriba, ka na ny Frantsay, na Rainianjalahy izay nitarika ny tafika malagasy, na Rainilaiarivony dia samy nilaza sy niaiky fa nandositra ny tafiky ny Andriamanjaka.
Raha hadihadina ny antony nahatonga ny tafika malagasy nandositra tao Andriba, dia misongadina fa tsy avy amin’ny tsy fahafantarana ny toerana niadiana, na ny haratsin’ny fiadiana teo am-pelatànany, na koa ny tsy fahampian’ny sakafo na ny fiandanian’ny Sakalava tamin’ny Frantsay, no nahatonga izany, fa kosa avy amin’ny tsy fahovonan’ny miaramila hiatrika ady sy tsy firaisan-tsainan’izy ireo, ary koa avy amin’ny adilahy izay nifanaovan’ireo mpitondra ambony.
Ny hoe : “Tsy mafy noho ny tany Andriba” dia tsaho naelin’ireo mpiantafika nandositra ; amin’izay mantsy dia tsy hodorana velona izy araka ny lalàna nataon-dRadama I. Neken’ny mpitondra sasany teto Antananarivo io lainga io mba hanafenana amin’ny vahoaka ny tsy fahombiazan’ny politika izay nataony. Rehefa avy eo dia samy nandray io resaka io arak’izay hevitra itiavany azy ny olona.[ EN ] The proverb « Tsy mafy noho ny tany Andriba » (Not so much strong as Andriba was) seems to echo the great hardness of the engagement which faced in 1895 French troops to Merina army. What happened really ?
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French witnesses and letters between Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony and head officers of the army, all notice that in Andriba forces of both protagonists were almost equal.
The expeditionary corps commanded by general Duchesne was anxious when on 21st August 1895 attacking Andriba, a place the Merina had fortified. The artillery duel began about 2 p.m. and did not stop until 5 p.m. The night was quiet. Silence was not troubled but by some gun shots and the blazing of villages burnt by the Merina. The next morning the French kept on proceeding and how much were they surprised at seeing the camp and the retrenchments deserted by their enemies.
There is in some words the narrative of the “battle” for Andriba. French, Merina commander-in-chief Rainianjalahy and Rainilaiarivony all agreed to say that the army of Ranavalona ran away before the enemy.
The seat of the operations had been chosed by the Merina ; their armament was of a good quality ; their food supplies were in abundance, and the Sakalava people had not come into an alliance with the French. The run away cannot be explained but by the army division, its lack of determination for fitting and the litter among the head accountants of the State.
The fame of the “battle” for Andriba had been spread by the deserters in order to avoid the sentence of death by burning according to the law edicted by king Radama the First. Those in power in Tananarive never denied it so to hide to the people their politics failure. Later, each one has been used to give to the fame, becoming a proverb, one’s own meaning.