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La Politique économique coloniale sur la côte est (Madagascar) dans les années 1950
Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 21-22, 1985, pp. 307-337Auteur : Rabearimanana L.
Mots clés : COLONISATION FRANCAISE/POLITIQUE ECONOMIQUE/POLITIQUE AGRICOLE/CAFEICULTURE/RIZICULTURE/1946-1960/MADAGASCAR/COTE EST/TOAMASINA
[ EN ] The « War effort » and the british blocus on Madagascar have shown the fragility of the colonial economy. On the Eastern coast, the coffee production goes down, both in quantity and in quality, since the food production could not suffice in the population’s ever growing consumption. Such are the manifestations of a critical economic situation. Thus, to improve the colonial economy and especially to satisfy the needs of her own economy, France decided to carry out a project of social and economic development in order to equip the T.O.M.
The colonial policy for the East coast of Madagascar consisted in giving the priority to the promotion of coffee-culture and the development and improvement of its production. As for cash-crops, efforts are made, in a lesser degree, to develop ric-culture by irrigation and to prevent the spreading of rice-culture on hills. Yet, despite an increasing coffee-production, its quality is still much left to be desired. Concerning rice-production, the cultivated areas are also increasing, though hill culture is the most developed. However, efforts made to promote rice-culture remain insufficient in comparison with the demographic growth. Yet, the colonial power hardly succeeds in solving the problem of victualling by skillfully using a home production upon the whole sufficient, and rice importations are unimportant before 1960.[ MLA ] Ny ady lehibe faharoa sy ny ezaka tsy maintsy nataon’ny toe-karen’i Madagasikara sy nanaovan’ny Britanika azy fahirano dia naneho ny mahamora simba ny toe-karen-janatany. Raha ny amin’ny morontsiraka atsinanana no dinihina dia fihenan’ny vokatra kafe, na teo amin’ny lanjany izany na teo amin’ny hatsarany, ary ny tsy fahampian’ny vokatra azo atao sakafo, tsy mifanentana amin’ny fitombon’ny mponina no anisan’ny fisehoan’izany fihemorana ara-toe-karena izany. Koa ho fanarenana ny famokarana any amin’ireo zanatany dia nanomana teti-pivoarana ny fanjakana frantsay ary dia nanome fitaovana maro samihafa an’ireny tany ireny izy.
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Tamin’ny faritra atsinanana, ny politikam-pampandrosoana dia miompana voalohany indrindra amin’ny fanatsarana sy ny fanitarana ny voly kafe, izay tena ilain’ny toe-karena frantsay tokoa mba tsy hamoahany vola ivelany loatra. Eo amin’ny lafin’ny vokatra atao sakafo kosa indray dia nasiana ezaka ny momba ny vary, na dia tsy nomen-danja toy ny kafe aza. Ny fiantraikan’ny ezaka vita dia ny fisondrotry ny lanjan’ny kafe vokatra sy naondrana na dia tsy tsara loatra aza izany kafe izany. Nony nihitatra anefa ny velaran-tany voavoly vary dia ny fampiasana ny tavy tsy nihena fa vao mainka aza nahazo vahana. Azo lazaina anefa fa voavaha ihany, talohan’ny 1960, ny olana ara-pamatsiana na dia nitombo isa aza ny mponina, koa raha sendra voatery nanafatra vary tany ivelany dia kely ihany no nampidirina teto. Ny fiantraikan’ny ady lehibe faharoa sy ny fahirano nataon’ny Anglisy teto Madagasikara dia nampiseho indrindra ny tsy maha-mafy orina loatra ny toe-karen’ny zanatany.