Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume (...) > La Conception de l’Etat colonial chez Gallieni

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  La Conception de l’Etat colonial chez Gallieni
  Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 33-36, 1991-1992, pp. 585-601

  Auteur : Michel M.

  Mots clés : COLONISATION FRANCAISE/COLONIES/ADMINISTRATION/GALLIENI, JOSEPH SIMON/1896-1902/MADAGASCAR
  
  

  [ EN ] Gallieni’s personal concept of state-building has imposed and indelible, but ambiguous and limited, change in the history of Madagascar. To succeed in his programme of “frenchization” and construction of a “modern” state, the new proconsul was convinced that a rupture with the past was necessary. This was a state from the metropolitan model, republican, secularized, even “laic”, egalitarian, well organized and well equipped. The three pillars of his concern were a new class of elite from the French schools, an efficient civil service, and a network of railways and roads unifying the country. In fact, he did not succeed in his economic plan, and he did not push on his thought about “frenchization” or “association”. But, he introduced several major changes : a sudden acceleration and a large diffusion of the demand for “modernity”, and a definitive elimination of the Monarchy on behalf of the Republic.

  [ MLA ] Tsy azo kosehina ny fijerin’i Gallieni ny tantaran’i Madagasikara na dia hafahafa sady manam-petra aza izany fijery ny tantaran’I Madagasikara izany. Nino manko ity “proconsul” (mpanafika sady nomem-pahefana hitantana ny tany vao azony) vaovao ity tamin’ny taona 1896 fa tsy maintsy tapahina izay rehetra mampifandray amin’ny lasa mba hahafahana manova ity Nosy ity ho frantsay. Noho izany ity proconsul ity dia nitetika ny hampijoro Fanjakana vaovao tanteraka : maharaka ny toetrandro amin’ny alalan’ny didin’ny mpanjana-tany ; fanjakana repoblikana, tsy hanjakan’ny fiangonana, na lahika mihitsy aza, misy fitovian-jo, voalamina tsara, misy izay ilaina rehetra ary mazava loatra fa ny modely nisy tany an-dafy no filamatra. Telo ny andry nifaharan’izany tetika politika izany, dia ny avara-pianarana vaovao novolavolain’ny sekoly frantsay, ny fitantanam-panjakana hentitra ary izay mety ho fitaovana – na amin’ny lalana izany na amin’ny lalamby – mety haha-iray (ity zana-tany ity). Ny marina anefa dia tsy tanterany io tetikasa ara-toekarena nokendreny io, ary toy ny “manampahaizana momba ny zanatany” rehetra, dia tsy lasa lavitra izy tamin’ity fanontaniana momba ity “francisation” sy “association” ity. Maro kosa anefa ary zava-baovao vaventy nentiny : ny fanovana tampoka ny “moramora”, ny fampielezana – haingan-doatra – ny faniriana ny haharahan’ny Nosy ny “toetrandro”, ary indrindra ny fikosehana tanteraka ny andrim-panjakana notantanin’ny mpanjaka ka hosoloana rafi-panjakana repoblikana.

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