Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Archives > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 3-4, (...) > La Colonisation à Vatomandry-Mahanoro : espérances et désillusions (...)
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La Colonisation à Vatomandry-Mahanoro : espérances et désillusions (1895-1910)
Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 3-4, janvier - décembre 1976, pp. 167-248Auteur : Fremigacci J.
Mots clés : COLONISATION FRANCAISE/CONDITIONS ECONOMIQUES/HISTOIRE/GEOGRAPHIE ECONOMIQUE/1896-1910/MADAGASCAR/COTE ORIENTALE/TOAMASINA/ATSINANANA/MAHANORO/VATOMANDRY
[ MLA ] Tokony ho ampahafolon’ny halavan’ny morontsiraka atsinanan’i Madagasikara eo ho eo ny elanelana mampisaraka an’i Vatomandry sy i Mahanoro, nefa kosa ampy hahazoana an-tsaina tsara izay nety ho fiantraiky ny fanjanahan-tany tamin’iny faritra rehetra iny. Raha vao nanomboka niorina mantsy ny fitondrana frantsay tamin’ny taona 1896 dia efa nifanehatra tamin’ireo voanjo maorisianina nifandray tendro tamin’ny fanjakana merina ka niorim-ponenana tamin’iny faritra iny ary nampijoro rafi-pitsentsefana tena feno fanararaotana sy fanaovana kely tsy mba mamindro. Namela farasisa izany ka nitarazoka hatramin’ny taon-jato faha-20. Koa ny tarigetran’ny fitondrana vaovao tamin’izany dia ny hanome aina vaovao indray ilay karazam-panjanahan-tany efa niorina : nihazakazahana ny fakana an-keriny ny fananan’ny tantsaha hatrany an-dohasaha rehetra any, ary noraisina an-tànana hatrany koa ny herim-pamokarana rehetra. Marihina fa ny fanantenana poaka aty nateraky ny ronono an-tavy no fanoitra nenti-nanatanteraka izany hatramin’ny taona 1901 sy 1902 teo. Azo noheverina ho firosoana ho eo amin’ny endri-pamokarana maoderina angamba izany, saingy indrisy. Nanomboka tamin’ny 1902 dia tsapa ho latsaka an-kizo iny faritra iny. Nitarazoka hatrany izany ka nampibaribary ny fahombiazan’ny rafitra najoro. Nihanahantra hatrany iny faritra iny satria be loatra ny hetra notakiana ho an’ilay fanjakana any dilambato, ary toy izany koa ny asa an-terivozona natao hanatsarana faritra hafa ivelany. Tsy ampy mihitsy ny fampitaovana fototra sy ny fametrahana mpiandraikitra handrindra ilay fanjanahan-tany, koa tsy nisy fomba azo nampiasaina hanatsarana sy hampivelarana azy. Nibahanan’ireo kaompania mpijirika nifaningo-paka tamin’ireo sinoa mpaninjara ny varotra, hany ka voatery nitanila tamin’ny fitadiavana miampitra toy ny fihadiam-bolamena ireo voanjo, resy tosika. Endri-pitsentsefana hita ho tena feno famoretana nefa tsy nahazoam-bokatra firy. Izany indrindra no nahavoatery ny fitondrana hifandray tendro tamin’ny voanjo ka nahafahany nampijoro rafitra misarintsarina fanjakan-tompomenakely, nanomboka tamin’ny taona 1910, ary porofo izany fa nitarazoka hatrany ilay toe-karena malazolazo.
[ ENG ] The region of Vatomandry-Mahanoro, extending along the tenth part of the East coast provides quite a good example of what the colonial time was in that country of Madagascar. When the French arrived in 1896, they found a small creol settlement (mostly from Mauritius) already on the spot in relation with the merina monarchic power ; this settlement originated a type of predatory and cyclical economy whose consequences were to press heavily all along the XXth century. The coming of the French provoked a revival of the colonization movement, in which took place, in an atmosphere of optimism largely founded on illusions ladting till 1901-1902, an important development : in the valleys the village communities were more and more deprived of their lands, and local labour mobilized. This might at least have given birth to a modern economical growth. But it was not so.
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From 1902 on, the region sank into prolonged structural crisis. The necessity for the region to provide the remote central power with taxes and native labour to be used in public works outside the region concurred to its constant impoverishment. The insufficient efforts of the colonial power in the way of local public investment and the want of technicians did not allow any progress in the economical situation of the settlers. Once deprived of their commercial activities by the competition of trading companies in narrow relations with the Chinese retailers, the settlers could only survive on a complementary activity : goldmining which was paradoxically oppressive and little paying. So that from 1910 on, with a real though unvoluntary complicity of the colonial administration, the settlers were able to develop a pseudo-feudal system, which was the expression of a constant economical mediocrity.