Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume (...) > L’Armée et le pouvoir dans le Royaume de Madagascar au temps du premier (...)

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  L’Armée et le pouvoir dans le Royaume de Madagascar au temps du premier ministre Rainilaiarivony (1864-1895)
  Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 33-36, 1991-1992, pp. 381-402

  Auteur : Jacob G.

  Mots clés : MONARCHIE/ARMEES/POUVOIRS ET FONCTIONS/1864-1895/MADAGASCAR
  
  

  [ EN ] At the beginning of the 19th century Radama I was the founder of a professional army with the purposes, not only of undertaking the conquest of the island, but also of reinforcing his power in Imerina. In front of a society of inherited superiorities (statutory groups of andriana and hova), he created a military hierarchy (voninahitra) which he wanted to be more prestigious and based on merit. In conquered territories he entrusted the army with administrative, judicial, and financial responsibilities. Progressively, the latter took an important place in the economy, primarily in commerce. However, the high-ranking officers, who, more and more, slipped of the monarchy’s control, just governed conquered territories at the whim and exploited unscrupulously the ranks and files. Military career, access to which had been refused to submitted people, only gave the Merina more individual promotions. Far from being alleviated, privileges – through prestigious families – were shifted to the peripheries of the kingdom. The army had not been the model desired by Radama I ; it became the disputed stake between the central power and the dominating group.

  [ MLA ] Radama I no namorona voalohany tafika matihanina tamin’ny fiantombohan’ny taon-jato faha-19 hoentiny manafika manerana ny nosy sady hanamafisana ny fahefany teto Imerina. Teo anatrehan’ny fiaraha-monina nisianan’ny fahamboniana nifandovana (ireo vondron’Andriana sy Hova efa nanana ny laharany) dia namorona laharam-pahefana ara-miaramila (voninahitra) izy, ka nokendreny hanan-kaja lavitra izany sady ho azo noho fahamendrehena. Tamin’ireo faritra azony dia nametrahany adidy momba ny fandraharaham-panjakana, ny fitsrana sy ny vola ny tafika, indrindra teo amin’ny fihariankarena sy ny varotra. Ireo manamboninahitra ambony kosa anefa, satria zary tsy voafehin’ny Mpanjaka intsony izy, dia nanao izay tiany hatao tamin’ny fitantanana ny tany voababo sy tamin’ny fampiasana tsisy fepetra ireo vata-miaramila. Fisondrotana ho an’ny olona tsirairay fotsiny no azon’ny Merina tamin’ny asa miaramila izay tsy azon’ny vahoaka resy nidirana. Ary ny fiangarana – tamin’ny alalan’ny fianakavian-dehibe – dia nihanaka manerana ny fanjakana. Tsy araka ilay modely nirin-dRadama I intsony ny tafika, fa nanjary loka nifaninanan’ny mpitondra taty an-derniny sy ny vondron’olona nanam-pahefana.

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