Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume (...) > Difficile éveil d’une conscience nationale : le poids des forces (...)

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  Difficile éveil d’une conscience nationale : le poids des forces transrégionales sur le devenir de la côte française des Somalis (1958-1960)
  Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 33-36, 1991-1992, pp. 617-642

  Auteur : Dubois C.

  Mots clés : AFAR/SOMALIS/NATIONALISME/CARACTERISTIQUES NATIONALES/1958-1960/DJIBOUTI
  
  

  [ EN ] The tiny territory of the French Somali Coast (CFS) had escaped the dynamics that had led the French possessions towards their independence. As early as 1958, Sékou Touré’s Guinea opened the way, followed by the African francophone states and the Malagasy Republic which, in 1960, accessed to national sovereignty. However, as early as 1958, the nationalist leader, Mahmoud Harbi, was militating for an immediate emancipation for the CFS. This nationalist wave had been swollen up by the winds blowing from Nasser’s Egypt, and added to the build-up of Pan-Somalism. Mahmoud Harbi’s program, influenced by Pan-Arabism and Pan-Somalism, pro-federal movements at the regional level, was attractive enough for part of the Djiboutian opinion, especially the Issa citizens and Somali newcomers. However, it was disquieting for the Afar community.
  The consultation of 28th September, 1958 saw the beginning of the rupture between the two main groups of the CFS. While the majority of the Issas claimed a rapid emancipation for the territory, the Afars wanted to postpone the date for the fear that a newly and too hastily emancipated territory becomes a defenceless prey to its powerful neighbors. In July 1960, the unification of Somalia with Somaliland gave birth to the Republic of Somalia which, in the name of Pan-Somalism, demanded the Somalis-Issas populated CFS. By reaction, Ethiopa expressed rights over the CFS, a minute appendice on her eastern flank, which harboured the only portuary outlet for the Addis-Ababa-Djibouti railroad. This double territorial ambition had impact over the various electoral consultations organized within the territory.
  Thus, between 1958 and 1960, the complex interventions of various forces from outside the CFS had accelerated the centrifugal movement of the internal forces, accentuating the gap between both communities. France benefitted from that situation and maintened her presence until 1977. At a time when an unavoidable movement was gaining in force, trans-regional forces had impeded the CFS’emancipation.

  [ MLA ] Tsy nandairan’ny herim-panovana izay nampizotra ny zanatany frantsay ho amin’ny fahaleovantenany ilay zanatany bitika kely ao amin’ny Morontsiraka Frantsain’i Somalia (CFS). Tamin’ny taona 1958 no nanokafan’i Ginean’i Sekou Touré sahady ny làlana, izay narahin’ny fanjakana afrikana miteny frantsay sy ny Repoblika Malagasy, nahazo ny fiandrianam-pireneny tamin’ny taona 1960. Na izany aza anefa, tamin’ny taona 1958 ilay mpitarika tia tanindrazana natao hoe Mahmoud Harbi dia efa niady ho an’ny fanafahana teo noho eon y CFS. Natosiky ny rivotra nitsoka avy tany amin’ny Ejipt’i Nasser io fitiavan-tanindrazana io, ka nifanampy hiteraka ny atao hoe Pan-Somalisma. Nahasarika am-pahany tamin’ny Dzibotiana, indrindra moa tamin’ireo olompirenena Issa sy ny mpiavy somaliana ny tetikasan’I Mahmoud Harbi izay nitambesaran’ny Pan-Arabisma sy ny Pan-Somalisma, ary ny fihetsehan’ny mpomba ny federalisma tany amin’ny ambaratongan’ny faritany. Nanelingelina ny fiaraha-monina Afar anefa izany rehetra izany.
  Ny fitsapan-kevibahoaka tamin’ny 28 septambra 1958 no nahitana ny fiantombohan’ny fisarahana teo amin’ny ankolafiny roa lehibe indrindra tao amin’ny CFS. Raha nangataka fanafahana faran’izay haingana ny ankamaroan’ny Issa, ny Afar kosa dia nitady izay hanemorana io andro satria teo ny tahotra ny handrombahan’ny mpifanolo-bodirindrina matanjaka ity tany nafahina nefa tsy nanam-piahy ity. Tamin’ny volana Jolay 1960 dia teraka ny Repoblikan’i Somalia izay nanambatra an’i Somalia tamin’i Somaliland nitaky ny CFS ho an’ny Somali sy Issa. Ho fanoherana izany dia nilaza ho nanan-jo tamin’ny CFS i Etiopia, CFS izay ampahany kely bitika amin’ny zorony atsinanany, kanefa hany fivoahana ho an’ny lalamby Addis-Abeba-Djibouti. Nanana ny fiantraikany izany fifandrombahanan’ny ankolafiny roa izany tamin’ny fitsapan-kevibahoaka natao tao amin’io faritra io. Noho izany, teo anelanelan’ny taona 1958 sy 1960, ny fidiran’ny hery samihafa ivelan’ny CFS dia nanafaingana ny fisintahan’ny hery anatiny ary vao mainka nampitatra ny lavaka nanasaraka ireo vondron’olona ireo. Nanararaotra izany toe-javatra izany i Frantsa ka nahatana ny toerany hatramin’ny taona 1977. Ty azo nihodivirana intsony anefa ny fihetsehena izay nanomboka nahazo vahana, ka dia voafetra indray ny fanafahana ny CFS.

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