Accueil > Documentations scientifiques > Revues archivées > Omaly sy Anio > Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume (...) > D’Un protectorat fantôme au fantôme d’un protectorat : les métamorphoses du (...)

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  D’Un protectorat fantôme au fantôme d’un protectorat : les métamorphoses du pouvoir à Madagascar de 1885 à 1896
  Omaly sy Anio (Hier et Aujourd’hui) : revue d’études historiques, volume 33-36, 1991-1992, pp. 559-583

  Auteur : Paillard Y.G.

  Mots clés : COLONISATION FRANCAISE/PROTECTORATS/HISTOIRE/1885-1896/MADAGASCAR
  
  

  [ EN ] Already impeded by the “phantom” protectorate coming out of the December 17, 1885 treaty, the edification of a modern and independent Malagasy state by the Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony is definitely compromised by the monarchy’s incapacity to respond to its responsibilities during the 1895 war against France. After the disastrous capitulation, the treaty of October 1, 1895 founded the “actual” protectorate over Madagascar, and the French law of August 6, 1896 declares Madagascar as purely and simply a colony. That was the continuity of the French policy, through shorter and shorter steps, towards an outcome that the passion of the debates at the Metropolitan level made more and more uncertain. For the Malagasy state, being proclaimed as a colony represented an irreparable rupture : the royalty, now declared as anachronistic, is now doomed in a very short time. However, even in that area, from one treaty to the next, and from 1895 to 1896, it is the continuity which is most striking. Indeed, under the “real” protectorate, France’s representatives General Duchesne and Ranchot, the diplomat and the Resident General Laroche, while carefully respecting the appearances of a collaboration with the Malagasy authorities, already prepared Gallieni’s forthcoming work. Result of metropolitan instructions, response to the Menalamba rebellion, system’s logic : the race policy and some pacification practices, for example, are improvised as early as early in 1896.

  [ MLA ] Efa voasembantsemban’ny protectorat “matoatoa” vokatry ny fifanarahana tamin’ny 17 desambra 1885 ny fananganan’ny Praiministra Rainilaiarivony Fanjakana Malagasy sahaza ny toetrandro sady mahaleo tena ary dia samba tsy azom-panafana izany noho ny tsy fahaizan’ny fanjakana nandray ny andraikiny tamin’ny ady tamin’i Frantsa tamin’ny taona 1895. Taorian’ny filavoana lefona nampidi-doza dia nanangana ny “protectorat” tena izy ny fifanarahana tamin’ny taona 1895, ary ny lalàna frantsay tamin’ny 6 aogositra 1896 no nanambara an’i Madagasikara ho zana-tany tanteraka. Nisy fitohizana ny politika frantsay, ary nihafohy hatrany ny dingany nankany amina toe-draharaha vaovao izay voahonzongon’ny adihevitra lehibe foana tany amin’ny foibe tany. Fahavoazana tsisy fanafany ho an’ny Fanjakana Malagasy ny fanambarana an’i Madagasikara ho zanatany. Efa nilaozan’ny toetrandro izao ny Fanjakan’ny Andriamanjaka ary tsy maintsy hanjavona ao anatin’ny fotoana fohy. Kanefa, raha arahina ny fifanarahana nifandimby teo anelanelan’ny taona 1895 sy 1896 dia mbola ny fitohizany no misintona ny maso. Nandritra ny protectorat “tena izy” indrindra moa dia sady nitandro fatratra ny fisehoana ho niara-niasa tamin’ny manampahefana malagasy na ny Jeneraly Duchesne na ny diplaomaty Ranchot sy ny Résident Général Laroche, kanefa koa efa nanomana sahady ny asan’i Gallieni taty aoriana. Asa na vokatry ny baiko avy tany amin’ny foibe, na setrin’ny fikomian’ny Menalamba, na izay no lojikan’ny rafitra, fa dia niforona tamin’ny voalohandohan’ny taona 1896 ny politka fanavakavahana ny firazanana sy ny fomba fampandriantany sasantsasany.

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